Women and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Guide

There is a strong relationship between women and climate change which many of us fail to see. While environmental change impacts everyone, women, marginalized genders, and vulnerable communities often bear the brunt of climate disasters.

According to an estimate by the UN “80% of people displaced by climate change are women.” From water scarcity to forced migration, gender roles and societal structures shape how women and men experience climate change. 

Through this article, you will learn about the relationship between women and climate change highlighting key issues, impacts, and solutions. Let’s dive in!

The Link Between Women and Climate Change

Most people believe that the impact of climate change is gender-neutral. They fail to recognize how social roles, economic status, and cultural expectations impact women’s experiences. Rising temperatures, extreme weather, and resource scarcity play a huge role in women’s lives.

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How Women Are Disproportionately Affected by Climate Change

Climate change doesn’t affect everyone equally. Women—especially those in low-income and rural communities—face heavier burdens, higher risks, and fewer resources to cope. Whether it’s fetching water, cooking over hazardous fuels, or navigating the dangers of displacement, women bear the brunt of the crisis in ways that are often overlooked.

1. Increased Burden of Domestic Responsibilities

In many parts of the world, women and girls are responsible for collecting water, firewood, and food for their families. As sea levels rise, drought dries up wells, and extreme rains cause floods, they have to put in more energy and effort. They’re forced to travel longer distances—sometimes walking for hours. 

They spend more time on unpaid labor, and often have less access to financial resources to rebuild. Increased domestic burden takes away time from education, income-generating work, or even rest.

2. Migration Due to Climate Change Impacts Women More

Natural disasters increase the probability of migration. During migration, men are more likely to travel to urban areas in search of employment. At the same time, women are left behind to take care of children and elderly people. 

This shift increases the responsibilities of women. They get more engaged in unpaid labor work which lessens their earning opportunities and also increases their care responsibilities.

3. Climate Change Worsens Gender Inequality

It’s not just about executing daily home chores —climate disasters worsen gender inequality. After hurricanes or wildfires, cases of gender-based violence spike because of displacement, economic stress, and breakdowns in law enforcement. 

A study in Bangladesh found that child marriages increased after extreme flooding because families, struggling to survive, saw marriage as a way to secure their daughters’ futures.

4. Women Face Higher Health Risks

More than 2.6 billion people still rely on solid fuels like wood, charcoal, and dung for cooking, and the majority of them are women. The smoke from these fuels isn’t just inconvenient—it’s deadly. 

The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution causes 3.2 million deaths annually, disproportionately affecting women’s health. Without access to clean energy sources, their risk of lung disease, eye infections, and chronic respiratory illnesses skyrockets.

Along with this pregnant women are more prone to heat waves and vector-borne diseases.

5. Climate Displacement and Gender-Based Violence

When climate disasters hit, entire communities are forced to migrate. But for women, the risks of trafficking, violence, and exploitation increase dramatically. In refugee camps or temporary shelters, lack of privacy, poor lighting, and weak security create an environment where sexual violence thrives.

The Role of Women in Climate Action

Did you know that women aren’t just the victims of climate change but they play a crucial role in leading the charge against it. 

Studies show that when women become part of climate policies, conservation efforts improve, and disaster response becomes more effective. Moreover, in places where women have more land rights, deforestation rates are lower. 

The link between gender and climate change is undeniable. However, it is not just about who suffers more—it is about who has the power to create change. Recognizing this connection and sharing the power patterns are the initial steps toward climate policies that actually work for everyone.

Women Leading Climate Movements

Many women around the globe have taken charge in the fight against climate change. They have become some of the most powerful voices in climate action.

Greta Thunberg, the youngest climate change activist, turned a simple school strike into a worldwide movement, holding world leaders accountable for inaction. 

Similarly, in Chad, Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim is using traditional knowledge and science to help her community adapt to desertification. Meanwhile, in Kenya, Wangari Maathai has planted over 51 million trees, empowering women through reforestation projects. 

These leaders prove that when women take charge, real change happens.

Women in Sustainable Agriculture

Women make up half of the world’s agriculture workforce.  Still, they often lack access to ownership, credit facilities, and training opportunities. 

Studies show that if “women farmers had equal access to resources as men, global crop yields could increase by 20-30%, reducing hunger for up to 150 million people.”

Gender-Inclusive Climate Policies 

Women make up to half the world’s population, still, they hold only 15% of top climate negotiating roles. That’s a problem. Studies show that when women are involved in environmental policymaking, outcomes are more ambitious and effective.

For instance, in Rwanda, women hold more than 60% of parliamentary seats, which is the highest in the world. This leadership has led to policies promoting reforestation, clean energy, and sustainable land use.

The significance of women in climate leadership is also recognized by the Paris Agreement. The explicitly recognizes gender equality as key to effective climate action. Without more women at the table, the implementation of climate initiatives remains uneven.

It’s simple: More women in leadership = better climate policies. 

Women are not just part of the climate solution—they are driving it. 

By supporting female leadership, sustainable agriculture, and gender-inclusive climate policies, we can build a sustainable world.  

Women bring unique perspectives, yet they’re underrepresented in decision-making spaces, green jobs, and climate education. 

Investing in women’s leadership isn’t just about fairness but about bringing their perspectives to the table.

Conclusion Remarks

The fight against climate change isn’t just about cutting CO2 emissions but it’s about ensuring every individual has a voice in the solutions. From the discussion above you can say that women are disproportionately affected by environmental crises. 

They face unique challenges and their needs are often ignored in climate policies. Addressing these disparities and making sure their presence in leadership roles can lead to impactful climate initiatives. From policymaking to sustainable agriculture, their contributions are essential for building resilient communities and a sustainable future.